PHP ─ Environment SetupIn order to develop and run PHP Web pages, three vital components need to be installed on your computer system. Web Server - PHP will work with virtually all Web Server software, including Microsoft's Internet Information Server (IIS) but then most often used is freely available Apache Server. Download Apache for free here: http://httpd.apache.org/download.cgi Database - PHP will work with virtually all database software, including Oracle and Sybase but most commonly used is freely available MySQL database. Download MySQL for free here: http://www.mysql.com/downloads/index.html PHP Parser - In order to process PHP script instructions, a parser must be installed to generate HTML output that can be sent to the Web Browser. This tutorial will guide you how to install PHP parser on your computer. PHP Parser Installation Before you proceed, it is important to make sure that you have a proper environment setup on your machine to develop your web programs using PHP. Type the following address into your browser's address box.
http://127.0.0.1/info.php
If this displays a page showing your PHP installation related information, then it means you have PHP and Webserver installed properly. Otherwise you have to follow given procedure to install PHP on your computer. This section will guide you to install and configure PHP over the following four platforms:
If you plan to install PHP on Linux or any other variant of Unix, then here is the list of prerequisites:
PHP Installation on Mac OS X with Apache Mac users have the choice of either a binary or a source installation. In fact, your OS X probably came with Apache and PHP preinstalled. This is likely to be quite an old build, and it probably lacks many of the less common extensions. However, if all you want is a quick Apache + PHP + MySQL/PostgreSQL setup on your laptop, this is certainly the easiest way to fly. All you need to do is edit your Apache configuration file and turn on the Web server. So just follow the steps given below:
PHP Installation on Windows NT/2000/XP with IIS The Windows server installation of PHP running IIS is much simpler than on Unix, since it involves a precompiled binary rather than a source build. If you plan to install PHP over Windows, then here is the list of prerequisites:
PHP Installation on Windows NT/2000/XP with Apache To install Apache with PHP 5 on Windows follow the following steps. If your PHP and Apache versions are different, then please take care accordingly.
Apache Configuration If you are using Apache as a Web Server, then this section will guide you to edit Apache Configuration Files. PHP.INI File Configuration The PHP configuration file, php.ini, is the final and most immediate way to affect PHP's functionality. Just Check it here: PHP.INI File Configuration Windows IIS Configuration To configure IIS on your Windows machine you can refer your IIS Reference Manual shipped along with IIS. Apache Configuration for PHP Apache uses httpd.conf file for global settings, and the .htaccess file for per-directory access settings. Older versions of Apache split up httpd.conf into three files (access.conf, httpd.conf, and srm.conf), and some users still prefer this arrangement. Apache server has a very powerful, but slightly complex, configuration system of its own. Learn more about it at the Apache Web site: www.apache.org The following section describes settings in httpd.conf that affect PHP directly and cannot be set elsewhere. If you have standard installation, then httpd.conf will be found at /etc/httpd/conf: Timeout This value sets the default number of seconds before any HTTP request will time out. If you set PHP's max_execution_time to longer than this value, PHP will keep grinding away but the user may see a 404 error. In safe mode, this value will be ignored; you must use the timeout value in php.ini instead DocumentRoot DocumentRoot designates the root directory for all HTTP processes on that server. It looks something like this on Unix:
DocumentRoot ./usr/local/apache_1.3.6/htdocs.
You can choose any directory as document root. AddType The PHP MIME type needs to be set here for PHP files to be parsed. Remember that you can associate any file extension with PHP like .php3, .php5 or .htm.
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php
AddType application/x-httpd-phps .phps AddType application/x-httpd-php3 .php3 .phtml AddType application/x-httpd-php .html Action You must uncomment this line for the Windows apxs module version of Apache with shared object support:
LoadModule php4_module modules/php4apache.dll
or on Unix flavors:
LoadModule php4_module modules/mod_php.so
AddModule You must uncomment this line for the static module version of Apache.
AddModule mod_php4.c
PHP.INI file Configuration The PHP configuration file, php.ini, is the final and most immediate way to affect PHP's functionality. The php.ini file is read each time PHP is initialized.in other words, whenever httpd is restarted for the module version or with each script execution for the CGI version. If your change isn’t showing up, remember to stop and restart httpd. If it still isn’t showing up, use phpinfo() to check the path to php.ini. The configuration file is well commented and thorough. Keys are case sensitive, keyword values are not; whitespace, and lines beginning with semicolons are ignored. Booleans can be represented by 1/0, Yes/No, On/Off, or True/False. The default values in php.ini-dist will result in a reasonable PHP installation that can be tweaked later. Here we are explaining the important settings in php.ini which you may need for your PHP Parser. short_open_tag = Off Short open tags look like this: <? ?>. This option must be set to Off if you want to use XML functions. safe_mode = Off If this is set to On, you probably compiled PHP with the --enable-safe-mode flag. Safe mode is most relevant to CGI use. See the explanation in the section "CGI compile-time options". earlier in this chapter. safe_mode_exec_dir = [DIR] This option is relevant only if safe mode is on; it can also be set with the --with-exec-dir flag during the Unix build process. PHP in safe mode only executes external binaries out of this directory. The default is /usr/local/bin. This has nothing to do with serving up a normal PHP/HTML Web page. safe_mode_allowed_env_vars = [PHP_] This option sets which environment variables users can change in safe mode. The default is only those variables prepended with "PHP_". If this directive is empty, most variables are alterable. safe_mode_protected_env_vars = [LD_LIBRARY_PATH] This option sets which environment variables users can't change in safe mode, even if safe_mode_allowed_env_vars is set permissively. disable_functions = [function1, function2...] A welcome addition to PHP4 configuration and one perpetuated in PHP5 is the ability to disable selected functions for security reasons. Previously, this necessitated hand-editing the C code from which PHP was made. Filesystem, system, and network functions should probably be the first to go because allowing the capability to write files and alter the system over HTTP is never such a safe idea. max_execution_time = 30 The function set_time_limit() won.t work in safe mode, so this is the main way to make a script time out in safe mode. In Windows, you have to abort based on maximum memory consumed rather than time. You can also use the Apache timeout setting to timeout if you use Apache, but that will apply to non-PHP files on the site too. error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE The default value is E_ALL & ~E_NOTICE, all errors except notices. Development servers should be set to at least the default; only production servers should even consider a lesser value error_prepend_string = [""] With its bookend, error_append_string, this setting allows you to make error messages a different color than other text, or what you have. warn_plus_overloading = Off This setting issues a warning if the + operator is used with strings, as in a form value. variables_order = EGPCS This configuration setting supersedes gpc_order. Both are now deprecated along with register_globals. It sets the order of the different variables: Environment, GET, POST, COOKIE, and SERVER (aka Built-in). You can change this order around. Variables will be overwritten successively in left-toright order, with the rightmost one winning the hand every time. This means if you left the default setting and happened to use the same name for an environment variable, a POST variable, and a COOKIE variable, the COOKIE variable would own that name at the end of the process. In real life, this doesn't happen much. register_globals = Off This setting allows you to decide whether you wish to register EGPCS variables as global. This is now deprecated, and as of PHP4.2, this flag is set to Off by default. Use superglobal arrays instead. All the major code listings in this book use superglobal arrays. gpc_order = GPC This setting has been GPC Deprecated. magic_quotes_gpc = On This setting escapes quotes in incoming GET/POST/COOKIE data. If you use a lot of forms which possibly submit to themselves or other forms and display form values, you may need to set this directive to On or prepare to use addslashes() on string-type data. magic_quotes_runtime = Off This setting escapes quotes in incoming database and text strings. Remember that SQL adds slashes to single quotes and apostrophes when storing strings and does not strip them off when returning them. If this setting is Off, you will need to use stripslashes() when outputting any type of string data from a SQL database. If magic_quotes_sybase is set to On, this must be Off. magic_quotes_sybase = Off This setting escapes single quotes in incoming database and text strings with Sybase-style single quotes rather than backslashes. If magic_quotes_runtime is set to On, this must be Off. auto-prepend-file = [path/to/file] If a path is specified here, PHP must automatically include() it at the beginning of every PHP file. Include path restrictions do apply. auto-append-file = [path/to/file] If a path is specified here, PHP must automatically include() it at the end of every PHP file.unless you escape by using the exit() function. Include path restrictions do apply. include_path = [DIR] If you set this value, you will only be allowed to include or require files from these directories. The include directory is generally under your document root; this is mandatory if you.re running in safe mode. Set this to . in order to include files from the same directory your script is in. Multiple directories are separated by colons: .:/usr/local/apache/htdocs:/usr/local/lib. doc_root = [DIR] If you.re using Apache, you.ve already set a document root for this server or virtual host in httpd.conf. Set this value here if you.re using safe mode or if you want to enable PHP only on a portion of your site (for example, only in one subdirectory of your Web root). file_uploads = [on/off] Turn on this flag if you will upload files using PHP script. upload_tmp_dir = [DIR] Do not uncomment this line unless you understand the implications of HTTP uploads! session.save-handler = files Except in rare circumstances, you will not want to change this setting. So don't touch it. ignore_user_abort = [On/Off] This setting controls what happens if a site visitor clicks the browser.s Stop button. The default is On, which means that the script continues to run to completion or timeout. If the setting is changed to Off, the script will abort. This setting only works in module mode, not CGI. mysql.default_host = hostname The default server host to use when connecting to the database server if no other host is specified. mysql.default_user = username The default user name to use when connecting to the database server if no other name is specified. mysql.default_password = password The default password to use when connecting to the database server if no other password is specified. |
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